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<p>Fetal echocardiography, also known as fetal echo, is a specialized ultrasound technique used to evaluate the heart of a developing fetus. This diagnostic tool has revolutionized prenatal care and has become an essential part of the routine prenatal screening process. In this article, we will understand in detail about fetal echo test in pregnancy, why it is important, who needs it, and how it is performed.</p>

<h2><strong>What is a Fetal Echo Scan? </strong></h2>

<p>A fetal echo test is a specialized ultrasound that is performed to evaluate the structure and function of the fetal heart. The scan provides detailed images of the heart, including the chambers, valves, and blood vessels. It also measures the blood flow through the heart, which can help detect any anomalies.</p>

<p>It is a non-invasive, painless diagnostic test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing heart of a fetus. This technique is like a regular ultrasound, but it focuses specifically on the heart. The earliest time a fetal echo scan can be performed is at around 18-20 weeks of gestation when the fetal heart is fully developed and can be visualized on an ultrasound. However, it can be performed at any time during the pregnancy if the need arises.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-to-check-babys-heartbeat-during-pregnancy-at-home-163261?">How to Check Baby&#39;s Heartbeat During Pregnancy at Home</a></p>

<h2><strong>Why is Fetal Echocardiography Important? </strong></h2>

<p>Fetal echocardiography is a crucial tool in the diagnosis of <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/congenital-heart-disease-symptoms-causes-treatment-215283">congenital heart defects</a>, which are the most common birth defects affecting approximately 1 in every 100 births. Early detection of heart defects can help in the management of pregnancy and can also prepare parents for the possibility of a child with a heart condition.</p>

<p>In some cases, early detection can also provide an opportunity for in-utero treatment or intervention. Fetal echo can also be used to monitor fetuses that are at risk for heart problems due to genetic or other factors.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-foul-air-may-affect-fetal-heart-development-37763?">How Foul Air May Affect Fetal Heart Development</a></p>

<h2><strong>Who Needs a Fetal Echo Test in Pregnancy? </strong></h2>

<p>A fetal echo scan is recommended for pregnant women who have a higher risk of having a baby with a heart defect. This includes women who have a family history of congenital heart defects, have previously had a child with a heart defect, have certain medical conditions such as <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/everything-you-need-to-know-about-diabetes-132010">diabetes</a>, lupus, or phenylketonuria, or have taken certain medications during pregnancy.</p>

<p>In addition, fetal echocardiography may be recommended for women who have abnormal findings on routine <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/are-you-a-firsttime-mother-heres-everything-you-n-25008?">prenatal ultrasound</a> or have other risk factors identified during their pregnancy.</p>

<h2><strong>How is Fetal Echocardiography Performed? </strong></h2>

<p>Fetal echo is a painless and <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/noninvasive-prenatal-testing-nipt-all-you-need-to-know-193160?">non-invasive procedure</a> that does not require any preparation on the part of the mother. The mother is asked to lie down on a table, and a gel is applied to her abdomen to help the transducer glide smoothly over the skin. The transducer is moved over the mother&#39;s abdomen to obtain images of the fetal heart. The procedure usually takes around 30-45 minutes.</p>

<h2><strong>What Can be Detected Through Fetal Echo? </strong></h2>

<p>Fetal echo test in pregnancy can detect a wide range of heart defects, including structural abnormalities, functional abnormalities, and abnormalities in blood flow. Some of the most common heart defects that can be detected through fetal echo include:</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>atrial and ventricular septal defects</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>coarctation of the aorta</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>tetralogy of Fallot</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>transposition of the great arteries</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>abnormalities in the heart rhythm and function</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/why-is-the-second-trimester-anomaly-scan-important-31623">Why is the Second Trimester Anomaly Scan Important During Pregnancy?</a></p>

<h2><strong>Interpretation of Fetal Echocardiography Results </strong></h2>

<p>The results of a fetal echo scan are interpreted by a trained specialist who is experienced in fetal heart evaluation. The results are usually reported as normal or abnormal, and if there are any abnormalities, further testing may be recommended. In some cases, the specialist may also recommend a follow-up scan to monitor the <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-growth-and-development-during-pregnancy-200178?">development of the fetal heart</a>. If a heart defect is detected, the specialist will discuss the management and treatment options with the parents.</p>

<h2><strong>Risks and Limitations of Fetal Echo Test </strong></h2>

<p>Fetal echo scan is a safe and non-invasive procedure that does not pose any risks to the mother or the fetus. However, like all diagnostic tests, it does have some limitations. Fetal echo test in pregnancy can only detect heart defects that are present at the time of the scan, and it cannot predict any heart problems that may develop later in the pregnancy or after birth. In addition, fetal echocardiography is highly dependent on the skill and experience of the technician performing the scan, and there is a risk of false-positive or false-negative results.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-are-the-common-tests-you-will-have-during-your-pregnancy-128722">What Are the Common Tests You Will Have During Your Pregnancy?</a></p>

<p> </p>

<h3>Conclusion</h3>

<p>In conclusion, fetal echocardiography is a safe and non-invasive procedure that can detect a wide range of heart defects in the developing fetus. If you are pregnant and have any concerns about your baby&#39;s heart health, talk to your healthcare provider about the possibility of a fetal echo. Early detection and management of congenital heart defects can make a significant difference in the health and well-being of your child.</p>


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<p>One of the things that excite and scare you the most during pregnancy is going for an ultrasound test. An ultrasound is a crucial component of prenatal care during pregnancy. Ultrasound scans are used to assess the <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-growth-and-development-during-pregnancy-200178">growth and development of the fetus</a>, monitor the health of the mother and baby, and detect any potential complications. However, an ultrasound report can be overwhelming and difficult to understand for many parents-to-be.</p>

<p>In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to read ultrasound report of pregnancy, including what to expect during the scan, the different types of ultrasound scans, and how to interpret the results. By the end of this article, you will have a clear understanding of what each section of the pregnancy ultrasound report means and how to discuss the findings with your healthcare provider.</p>

<h2><strong>What is an Ultrasound Scan?</strong></h2>

<p>Ultrasonography is a diagnostic procedure done during the <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/stages-of-pregnancy-by-trimester-185718?">three trimesters of pregnancy</a> to assess the baby&#39;s growth, the health of the mother&#39;s reproductive organs, and the fetus&#39;s heart and confirm pregnancy status. An ultrasonography machine utilizes ultrasonic waves to visualize the inside of the womb through a specialized probe and ultrasound gel.</p>

<h2><strong>Types of Ultrasound in Pregnancy</strong></h2>

<p>With the advent of science and technology, ultrasonic scanning of the growing womb has made significant advancements. There are five major types of ultrasound in pregnancy:</p>

<h3><strong>1. Transvaginal ultrasound</strong></h3>

<p>&lsquo;Transvaginal&rsquo; means through the vagina. This scan is done for a mother-to-be who is facing a <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/high-risk-pregnancy--causes-symptoms-management-172058?">high-risk pregnancy</a> or having any critical health concerns. It is generally done when the fetus is below 10 weeks.</p>

<h3><strong>2. Standard ultrasound</strong></h3>

<p>In this type of ultrasound, the technician moves a wand-shaped transducer over the stomach to see the 2D figure of your baby in the womb.</p>

<h3><strong>3. Fetal echocardiography</strong></h3>

<p>A <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-echo-test-in-pregnancy-a-diagnostic-tool-for-detecting-heart-defects-in-the-womb-25030?">fetal echo test</a> is done to detect any issues or defects in the baby&rsquo;s heart and if anything suspicious was detected with a standard ultrasound.</p>

<h3><strong>4. 3-D ultrasound</strong></h3>

<p>This sonography is done by a unique transducer that produces a complete and more detailed picture of your fetus.</p>

<h3><strong>5. Dynamic 3-D ultrasound (4D ultrasound)</strong></h3>

<p>This is similar to 3-D ultrasound. The difference here is that you can see the movement of your baby visually and can also have a video recorded in some cases.</p>

<h2><strong>How to Read Ultrasound Report of Pregnancy?</strong></h2>

<p>Using these steps, you will be able to comprehend your pregnancy ultrasound report and better understand your doctor:</p>

<h3><strong>1. Look at your womb</strong></h3>

<p>When you look at your womb in the sonogram, you will see a light gray or white line around the image&#39;s corners. Inside these lines, you will see a large black area known as amniotic fluid.</p>

<h3><strong>2. Look at your baby</strong></h3>

<p>Your baby will appear grey or white in the amniotic fluid, i.e., the dark area discussed above.</p>

<ul>
	<li>In an ultrasound taken in the first <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-is-the-normal-8-weeks-of-pregnant-baby-size-168269">8 weeks of pregnancy</a>, your fetus will be the size and shape of a baked bean.</li>
	<li>If you go for a scan at 12 weeks, you will see the head of the baby.</li>
	<li>At 20 weeks, the difference seen in the scan will be incredible. You will be able to locate the baby&rsquo;s eyes, spine, heart, and feet.</li>
</ul>

<p> </p>

<h2><strong>Are the Numbers on the Ultrasound Picture Relevant to You?</strong></h2>

<p>The numbers written at the top of your scan report are data recorded by technicians that are relevant to themselves &ndash; your name, hospital reference codes, machine calibration settings, etc. When the technician starts taking the ultrasound of your uterus, the uppermost image of the scan will show the tissues above your uterus. You will also see the lining, the inner side, and the back part of your uterus in the ultrasound image.</p>

<h2><strong>Do Ultrasound Reading Colors Matter?</strong></h2>

<p>Yes, the reading colors matter. Usually, ultrasounds are black and white, but there is a subtle difference in the shade of each tone. The different tissues in your body transmit different sounds, some reflecting and other absorbing the waves. The density of tissues is directly proportional to how white they look. Hence, the variation in the shade of the scanned tissues is due to their varying densities. In the ultrasound of your uterus, your amniotic fluid will show up as a black area. Tissues will show up as grey. If ultrasounds were to be taken of solid tissues, such as bone, they would be seen as white.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-are-the-common-tests-you-will-have-during-your-pregnancy-128722">What Are the Common Tests You Will Have During Your Pregnancy?</a></p>

<h2><strong>Tips for Reading a Baby Sonogram</strong></h2>

<p>Here are tips for reading your baby&#39;s sonogram:</p>

<p>1. The gestational age of the fetus will be measured by <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/crown-rump-length-crl-on-ultrasounds-194540">CRL (crown-rump length)</a>. This is the measurement from the top to the bottom of baby&#39;s bum. Then, the resulting length is matched with an internal chart to determine the baby&#39;s gestational age inside the womb. Generally, this sonography is done between 7 weeks to 13 weeks of pregnancy.</p>

<p>2. Next in sonography, the head circumference is calculated. This calculation is done at 13 weeks of pregnancy.</p>

<p>3. Now, begins the measurement of the thighbone and femur bone. This is done to find out the longitudinal growth of the baby. This is also done at 13 weeks of pregnancy.</p>

<p>4. The fetus&#39;s height and length will be calculated by measuring the abdominal circumference. This is done at 20 weeks of pregnancy.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-is-bpd-in-pregnancy-210252">What is BPD in Pregnancy?</a></p>

<p>The fetus measurements are rechecked to check for any abnormalities. A shorter than average humerus or the femur bone or missing fetal nasal bones are symptoms of <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/screening-for-down-syndrome-31630?">Down Syndrome</a>. This is done between 20&ndash;40 weeks of pregnancy.</p>

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<h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2>

<p>In conclusion, reading an ultrasound report of pregnancy can be intimidating for many parents-to-be, but it is an essential part of prenatal care. Understanding the different types of ultrasound scans, what to expect during the procedure and how to read ultrasound report of pregnancy can help ease anxiety and ensure that you receive the best possible care for you and your baby. It is important to discuss any concerns or questions with your doctor as they can provide insight and guidance on the next steps in your pregnancy journey.</p>

<h3>References</h3>

<p>1. Ihnatsenka B, Boezaart AP. (2010). Ultrasound: Basic understanding and learning the language. Int J Shoulder Surg.</p>

<p>2. Ulrich CC, Dewald O. (2023). Pregnancy Ultrasound Evaluation. NCBI</p>

<p><strong>Tags</strong></p>

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<p>A successful pregnancy includes a series of ultrasounds and other tests. Thanks to advanced medical science and technologies, women can now undergo such tests and take the required precautions. Among all other integral tests during the pregnancy phase, the anomaly scan is the most important one. Doctors suggest carrying out this test to check the baby&rsquo;s growth, anatomy, and other factors that directly contribute to the health of a baby. The 5th-month tiffa scan report says whether the baby is healthy enough or the mother needs some extra care. It is one of the most valuable prenatal screening tests. This test can screen both abnormalities and detailed analysis. The detailed analysis helps in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.</p>

<h2><strong>Second Trimester Fetal Anomaly Scan: The definition</strong></h2>

<p>This anomaly scan test generally takes place between the 18th to 21st week of the pregnancy duration and that&rsquo;s why it is called the second-trimester fetal <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-is-anomaly-scan--a-complete-guide-96154">anomaly scan test</a>. It is not that your doctor is suggesting it because he/she has detected some abnormalities. It&rsquo;s now a common test for all pregnant women. It ensures that everything is well. Even if there is any growth-related issue of the fetus, the doctor can take early precautions and let you give birth to a healthy baby.</p>

<p>Basically, this anomaly scan test is offered to every pregnant woman but if you don&rsquo;t want to undergo it, you can deny it. The scan will deeply concentrate on the physical development of the in-womb baby. According to experts, it&rsquo;s not effective in detecting every critical condition. It is quite similar to the 12th-week ultrasound scan. In the anomaly scan report, you will see that it crafts a 2D black and white image with the side view of the baby. This scanning procedure does not include any 3D or color images.</p>

<p>This is basically a medical examination and it seeks your permission before the procedure. You have the option of denying it. But to be sure about the baby&rsquo;s growth, most women undergo it. It is truly harmless and does not contain any complicated process that can irritate or cause pain to an expecting mother.</p>

<h2><strong>What does an anomaly scan in pregnancy detect?</strong></h2>

<p>This 20-week anomaly scan deeply concentrates on the detail of the baby&rsquo;s bones, heart, spinal cord, brain, face, kidneys, and abdomen. Via this process, the sonographer looks for 11 rare conditions. It cannot find every possible issue. If the sonographer finds out something different, further special care is very much required for the mother. A normal anomaly scan report mainly concentrates on the below cases-</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="167" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QTii9x6s4V8" title="YouTube video player" width="315"></iframe></p>

<ol start="1">
	<li>
	<p>Open spina bifida</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="2">
	<li>
	<p>Exomphalos</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="3">
	<li>
	<p>Anencephaly</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="4">
	<li>
	<p>Diaphragmatic hernia</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="5">
	<li>
	<p>Gastroschisis</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="6">
	<li>
	<p>Serious cardiac abnormalities</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="7">
	<li>
	<p>Bilateral renal agencies</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="8">
	<li>
	<p>Lethal skeletal dysplasia</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="9">
	<li>
	<p>Patau&rsquo;s syndrome or T13</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="10">
	<li>
	<p>Edward&rsquo;s syndrome or T18</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol start="11">
	<li>
	<p>Cleft lip</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<p>Generally, a sample target scan during pregnancy normal report shows that everything is okay and the baby is growing normally. But if the sonographer finds something wrong or different, further diagnosis and special care are very much required.</p>

<h2><strong>Anomaly scan results explained: If there&rsquo;s something wrong, will an anomaly scan during pregnancy detect it?</strong></h2>

<p>For some conditions, this scan works really well. For example, we can say that some babies grow a condition called spina bifida and it badly affects the spinal cord. Such a condition can be easily seen via this anomaly scan test. Generally, 9 babies out of 10 grow such a condition. On the other hand, if a baby is growing some heart abnormalities, it&rsquo;s really hard to detect via this scan. It can detect 50% of heart abnormalities cases.</p>

<p>Cases like cleft lip can be detected via this surgery. Such an issue can be easily resolved after the birth of the baby. In a very small number of pregnancy cases, sonographers find that the baby&#39;s brain, kidneys, and other internal organs are not developed properly. In some very rare and serious cases, doctors find that there is no treatment possible or available. The baby may or will die soon after birth or even inside the womb.</p>

<h2><strong>The procedure and anomaly scan time duration</strong></h2>

<p>The 5th-month anomaly scan test will be performed by a certified and trained professional known as a sonographer. The room where the test will take place will have a dim light so that the sonographer can take good pictures of the baby.</p>

<p>The mother will be asked to lie on a couch and uncover the whole abdomen. The sonographer can be male or female but there will be a female attendee for sure. A soft and sober gell will be applied on the whole abdomen of the mother. The gel basically helps in the smooth gliding of the anomaly scan test probe. Apart from this, the gel also ensures that there is the required contact between the probe and the skin of the abdomen. A black and white image of the baby will appear on the ultrasound screen. The entire process is easy and does not contain any harm or irritation for the mother and baby.</p>

<p>The anomaly scan process won&rsquo;t hurt you but the sonographer may need to pressure on the probe a bit to get the best views of the baby. It can feel a little uncomfortable.</p>

<p>The entire atmosphere will be silent rather than calm so that the sonographer can fully concentrate on the baby and get the best views. You can communicate with them if you are facing any irritation or noticing a change in your pregnancy. The entire process takes a maximum of 30 minutes. The doctor may ask you to drink plenty of water to get good views of the baby. Your bladder should remain full. So, according to the schedule of the test, you should start drinking water.</p>

<h2><strong>Will this test reveal the sex of my baby?</strong></h2>

<p>If you want to know the sex of your baby, you can ask the sonographer at the beginning. But revealing the sex of the baby is restricted in some countries before the birth. For example, before birth, it is not permissible in India.</p>

<p>Even in some other countries, the hospitals and diagnostics labs will refuse such requests. So, it&rsquo;s better to check the country&#39;s law and then decide whether you should ask the sonographer about the sex of the baby or not.</p>

<h2><strong>Can my husband or partner come with me inside the scan room?</strong></h2>

<p>Yes, you can take your partner or husband or friend or any family member with you. If the fetal has a health condition, it&#39;s better to take someone with you. It will give you support. You will get the mental strength to deal with issues if there is any. It will also help you in boosting your relationship as you both will witness the growth of your baby.</p>

<p>But you cannot bring children with you as most hospitals do not allow children to be present inside the scanning room. You can ask the hospital while scheduling the appointment.</p>

<h2><strong>Does the scan harm the mother or the baby?</strong></h2>

<p>It&rsquo;s completely your choice whether you want this test or not. Generally, this scanning procedure does not hurt or harm anyone. There is no such evidence found in studies. The process is quite painless. The mother will just feel a bit pressure via the probe.</p>

<h2><strong>What if the anomaly scan report contains something?</strong></h2>

<p>During the process, the sonographer may ask for another member to get the second opinion. Generally, most scans show that the baby is growing naturally and there is nothing to worry. We are again mentioning that anomaly scans may not detect all health conditions of the baby. There is always a chance that a baby can be born with a health issue not detected via this scan.</p>

<h2><strong>Will the mother need any further tests?</strong></h2>

<p>If the tiffa scan report contains something wrong, the mother may be suggested to get further tests to get specific results. Before proceeding with any further test, the mother will be asked for permission. The mother or the father or any other family member should get complete information about the further test and then proceed with the process. Without knowing much, you should not undergo any further test.</p>

<h2><strong>The anomaly scan cost</strong></h2>

<p>Generally, the anomaly scan cost ranges between 2000 to 5000. It can be lower or higher based on the location and lab expertise in India. There are a lot of government facilities that can help mothers with free or lower-cost anomaly scan tests.</p>

<h2><strong>Concluding thoughts</strong></h2>

<p>The overall pregnancy journey is beautiful. The expecting mother faces a different set of feelings throughout the journey. It&rsquo;s really a beautiful thing that a cute baby is growing inside the womb. The mother starts to love the baby even when she hasn&rsquo;t seen the baby. It&rsquo;s the most celebrated relationship in this world. Still, the mother worries about the health of the baby. An anomaly test can assure an expecting mother that everything is going really well. Gynaecologists also seek anomaly scan test reports so that they can continue the best treatment in the best possible way. It&rsquo;s a common test that every mother undergoes during their 5th-month of pregnancy. There&rsquo;s nothing to worry about.</p>

<p>Also read about:<a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-doppler-scan-during-pregnancy-in-which-week-should-you-get-it-done-150524"> Fetal Doppler Scan During Pregnancy: In which week should you get it done?</a>, <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/risks-of-getting-a-fetal-doppler-scan-during-your-pregnancy-152448">Risks of Getting a Fetal Doppler Scan During Your Pregnancy</a> and <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/nuchal-translucency-scan-during-your-pregnancy-96870">What to expect in a Nuchal Translucency scan during your Pregnancy?</a></p>

<h3><strong>References</strong></h3>

<p>1.<strong> </strong>Tonni G, Grisolia G, Santana EF, Araujo J&uacute;nior E. (2016). Assessment of fetus during second trimester ultrasonography using HDlive software: What is its real application in the obstetrics clinical practice?. NCBI</p>

<p>2. Bethune M, Alibrahim E, Davies B, Yong E. (2013). A pictorial guide for the second trimester ultrasound. NCBI</p>

<p>3. Catharina Rydberg, Katarina Tun&oacute;n. (2016). Detection of fetal abnormalities by second-trimester ultrasound screening in a non-selected population. https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com</p>

<p>4. Ding, Wen-Ping, Li, Nan, Chen, Min<span style="font-size:10.8333px">. (2020). </span>Ultrasound Screening of Fetal Anomalies at 11&ndash;13<sup>+6</sup> Weeks. journals.lww.com</p>


<h2><strong>What is the purpose of the anomaly scan during pregnancy? </strong></h2>

<p>Several parts of the baby&#39;s body are examined in depth during the Second Trimester Anomaly Scan screening. It gives the sonographer the ability to scan for 11 uncommon conditions. These problems are the only ones the scan is looking for, and it can&#39;t identify everything wrong.</p>

<h2><strong>At the second-trimester anomaly scan, what happens? </strong></h2>

<p>Sonographers are the medical professionals who perform most fetal anomaly scans. So that the sonographer can get clear pictures of the infant, scans are performed in a dimly lighted environment. You&#39;ll be asked to recline on a sofa and expose your abdomen by removing your skirt or pants to your hips and lifting your top to your chest. To protect your clothes from the gel placed on your stomach, a sonographer or their helper will wrap tissue paper over it.</p>

<p>Next, the sonographer will use a portable probe to inspect the baby&#39;s internal organs to report an anomaly scan. It&#39;s the gel&#39;s work to keep the probe in contact with your skin. The ultrasound screen will display a black-and-white picture of the infant. Scanners do not use any force while doing the fetal anomaly scan. However, the finest images of the infant may need some pressure from the sonographer. Thus, this may be a little awkward.</p>

<p>They must maintain the screen to allow them to see the infant. The screen may be in front of them, or it may be at an angle to their side. While the sonographer is scanning your baby, they may need to be silent to focus on what they are doing. Once the check is complete, they will be able to chat with you about the images. The anomaly scan time duration session typically takes 30 minutes or less.</p>

<p>It might be challenging to capture a decent image if the baby is resting in an odd posture or moving around a lot, or if you are above average weight or your body tissue is thick. It does not imply any cause for alarm. For your appointment, you may require a full bladder. Before you arrive, your doctor or midwife will tell you what to expect. If you&#39;re still unsure, you may always reach out to them and inquire.</p>

<h2><strong>Can I find out the gender of my child? </strong></h2>

<p>You should ask the sonographer at the beginning of the test in pregnancy whether you wish to know the sex of your baby.</p>

<p>It is now prohibited in most areas to be told the sex of a baby by a hospital. Some hospitals may refuse to inform you. Please find out more details from your sonographer or midwife by contacting them.</p>

<h2><strong>My buddy or partner would want to accompany me to the scan. </strong></h2>

<p>Yes. Screening at anomaly scan analyses if the baby has a health issue, which may be a shock, so a companion can help you deal with it. A friend or family member may be able to accompany you to the appointment.</p>

<p>Due to a lack of childcare options, most hospitals do not allow children to participate in scans. Before your visit, make sure to inquire about this with the hospital.</p>

<h2><strong>Is the scan safe for my unborn child and me? </strong></h2>

<p>An ultrasound scan has no known dangers to you or your unborn child. Still, it&#39;s vital to weigh the benefits and drawbacks before deciding.</p>

<p>You may be forced to make important choices based on the information. Further tests that carry a risk of miscarriage may be given to you, and you will have to decide whether or not to have them performed.</p>

<h2><strong>Is this scan a necessity? </strong></h2>

<p>No, it&#39;s up to you whether or not you want it. Some parents are eager to learn whether their child has a medical problem, while others are not so eager.</p>

<p>Pregnancy care will continue as usual if you decline the scan.</p>

<h2><strong>When can I expect to get the scan&#39;s results? </strong></h2>

<p>At the time of the scan, the ultrasound technician will be able to provide you with the report details of a test anomaly scan.</p>

<p>You may also like:</p>

<p> </p>

<h2><strong>Conclusion </strong></h2>

<p>Between 18 and 21 weeks into your pregnancy, you&#39;ll likely get a comprehensive ultrasound scan called the mid-pregnancy or anomaly scan.</p>

<p>Pregnant women are encouraged to take advantage of the 20-week screening scan, but they are not obligated to. The scan examines your baby&#39;s physical growth, but it cannot detect every ailment.</p>

<p>The procedure for the 20-week screening scan is the same as that for the 12-week screening. In black and white, it depicts the newborn from the side. No 3D or color visuals are used in the screening procedure.</p>

<p> </p>

<h3><strong>References</strong></h3>

<ol>
	<li>Bethune M, Alibrahim E, Davies B, Yong E. (2013). A pictorial guide for the second trimester ultrasound. NCBI</li>
	<li>FDA. (2014) .Avoid Fetal &#39;Keepsake&#39; Images, Heartbeat Monitors.www.fda.gov</li>
</ol>


<p>The journey of pregnancy is an exciting and transformative time for women. It is essential to prioritize the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby throughout this period. One crucial aspect of prenatal care is the double marker test, which plays a significant role in assessing the risk of certain chromosomal abnormalities.  </p>

<p>In this article, we will delve into the meaning, necessity, procedure, and analysis of the double marker test in pregnancy. By understanding this test and its results, expectant mothers can make informed decisions for a healthy pregnancy. </p>

<h2><strong>Double Marker Test Meaning: What is Double Marker Test? </strong></h2>

<p>The double marker test means a blood test performed during pregnancy to evaluate the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, particularly <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/understanding-down-syndrome-a-comprehensive-guide-for-parents-13109?">Down syndrome</a> (Trisomy 21) and Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18). It is also known as the dual marker test.  </p>

<p>This test combines two specific markers in the mother&#39;s blood - <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/blood-beta-hcg-test-what-is-it-levels-how-to-read-it-106915?">human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</a> and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). The levels of these markers, along with other factors like maternal age and gestational age, help determine the probability of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. </p>

<h2><strong>Is it Necessary to Get Double Marker Test in Pregnancy? </strong></h2>

<p>While the decision to undergo the double marker blood test in pregnancy is entirely personal. It is highly recommended by healthcare professionals, especially for women who are at increased risk due to advanced maternal age or a previous history of chromosomal abnormalities.  </p>

<p>The test provides valuable information about the likelihood of certain genetic conditions, allowing expectant parents to make informed decisions regarding further diagnostic tests or interventions. Although the test cannot diagnose chromosomal abnormalities with certainty, it helps identify those at higher risk and facilitates appropriate management and counseling. </p>

<h2><strong>Why Double Marker Test is Done? </strong></h2>

<p>The primary purpose of the double marker test during pregnancy is to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. By analyzing the levels of hCG and PAPP-A in the mother&#39;s blood, the test can provide an estimate of the probability of Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome.  </p>

<p>Early detection of these conditions enables healthcare providers to offer comprehensive counseling, discuss available options, and plan for appropriate interventions if necessary. The test also helps alleviate anxiety and uncertainty for expectant parents, allowing them to prepare emotionally and practically for the arrival of their baby. </p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/noninvasive-prenatal-testing-nipt-all-you-need-to-know-193160?">Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) | All You Need To Know</a></p>

<h2><strong>Double Marker Test Time </strong></h2>

<p>The double marker test is typically performed between the 10th and 14th weeks of pregnancy. This specific time frame is chosen because the levels of hCG and PAPP-A are known to be stable during this period, providing reliable results.  </p>

<p>It is essential to note that timing may vary slightly depending on individual healthcare providers and their protocols. Therefore, it is crucial for expectant mothers to consult with their obstetrician or prenatal care provider to determine the most appropriate time for the test based on their specific circumstances. </p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-are-the-common-tests-you-will-have-during-your-pregnancy-128722?">What Are the Common Tests You Will Have During Your Pregnancy?</a></p>

<h2><strong>How Double Marker Test is Done? </strong></h2>

<p>The double marker test during pregnancy is a simple and non-invasive blood test that can be performed at any reputable laboratory or diagnostic center. The procedure involves a healthcare professional drawing a small sample of blood from the expectant mother&#39;s arm. The blood sample is then sent to the laboratory, where it undergoes analysis to measure the levels of hCG and PAPP-A. The results are usually available within a few days, after which the expectant mother can discuss the findings with her healthcare provider and determine the next steps. </p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-is-anomaly-scan-a-complete-guide-96154">Anomaly Scan: The Ultimate Guide for Expecting Parents</a></p>

<h2><strong>How to Analyze the Double Marker Test Report? </strong></h2>

<p>Understanding the double marker test report requires careful consideration of several factors. The report typically includes the measured levels of hCG and PAPP-A, along with the calculated risk for Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome. It is important to remember that the double marker test provides an estimate of risk, not a definitive diagnosis.  </p>

<p>The risk is usually expressed as a ratio or as a probability (e.g., 1 in 500 or 0.2%). Screen positive signifies that there is a strong probability that the baby will have the situation if the balance is between 1:10 and 1:250. A screen negative result is one in which the likelihood of a child being born with a chromosomal or neurological abnormality is less than one in a thousand.</p>

<h2><strong>Understanding the Double Marker Test Results </strong></h2>

<p>The interpretation of double marker test results depends on various factors, including the measured levels of hCG and PAPP-A, maternal age, gestational age, and any additional risk factors. Healthcare providers use these results to categorize the risk as low, intermediate, or high.  </p>

<p>It is crucial to highlight that a high-risk result does not indicate the presence of chromosomal abnormalities definitively. Instead, it suggests a higher probability and may prompt further diagnostic tests like amniocentesis or <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/learn-what-is-chorionic-villus-sampling-cvs-and-al-25114?">chorionic villus sampling (CVS)</a> for a definitive diagnosis. A low-risk result, on the other hand, provides reassurance but does not guarantee the absence of chromosomal abnormalities. </p>

<h3>1. Double Marker Test Normal Values </h3>

<p>The normal values for hCG and PAPP-A can vary slightly depending on the specific laboratory and the gestational age at the time of testing. However, in general, hCG levels are expected to be lower, while PAPP-A levels are expected to be higher in unaffected pregnancies. It is important to note that expectant mothers should consult their healthcare provider to understand the specific normal values used by their laboratory and the implications for their individual case. </p>

<h3>2. Double Marker Test Negative Means </h3>

<p>A negative double marker test result indicates a low probability of Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome. This result provides reassurance to expectant parents and suggests a reduced need for further diagnostic tests. However, it is important to remember that the test cannot rule out these conditions entirely, and there is still a small chance of false negatives.  </p>

<h3>3. Double Marker Test Positive Means </h3>

<p>A positive double marker test result suggests an increased risk of Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome in the fetus. However, it is important to remember that a positive result is not a definitive diagnosis. It indicates a higher probability and may prompt further diagnostic tests, such as <a href="http://mylofamily.com/article/amniocentesis-meaning-risks-results-25194?">amniocentesis</a> or CVS, to confirm or rule out chromosomal abnormalities. A positive result can be distressing for expectant parents, but it is essential to seek guidance from healthcare providers who can provide accurate information, counseling, and support throughout the decision-making process. </p>

<h2><strong>Next Steps </strong></h2>

<p>After receiving the double marker test report, expectant mothers should promptly schedule a follow-up appointment with their healthcare provider. During this consultation, the healthcare provider will review the results, discuss the implications, and provide appropriate guidance based on the individual circumstances.  </p>

<p>The next steps may involve further diagnostic tests, additional screenings, or regular monitoring to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby. It is crucial for expectant parents to openly communicate their concerns and questions to their healthcare provider to make informed decisions and receive the necessary support throughout the journey of pregnancy. </p>

<h2><strong>FAQs </strong></h2>

<h3>1. Can Double Marker Test in Pregnancy be Dangerous? </h3>

<p>The double marker test is considered safe and poses minimal risks to both the mother and the baby. It is a non-invasive blood test that does not involve any invasive procedures or exposure to radiation. However, as with any medical test, there may be a slight risk of bruising, bleeding, or infection at the site where the blood sample is taken.  </p>

<h3>2. What is the Difference Between Double Marker and Triple Marker Test? </h3>

<p>The double marker and the <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/a-complete-guide-on-triple-marker-test-the-procedu-25267?">triple marker test</a> are both blood tests performed during pregnancy to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities. While the double marker measures two specific markers (hCG and PAPP-A), the triple marker test measures three markers (hCG, alpha-fetoprotein, and unconjugated estriol). The triple marker test is usually performed between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy and provides additional information about the risk of neural tube defects.  </p>

<h3>3. Can Double Marker Test be Done After 14 Weeks? </h3>

<p>The ideal double marker test time is between the 10th and 14th weeks of pregnancy. This specific time frame is chosen because the levels of hCG and PAPP-A are known to be stable during this period, providing reliable results. However, in certain circumstances, the test can still be performed after the 14th week. It is essential for expectant mothers to consult their healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate time for the test based on their individual circumstances. </p>

<h3>The Bottomline </h3>

<p>The double marker test is a valuable tool in assessing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy, particularly Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome. It is crucial to remember that the double marker test in pregnancy provides an estimate of risk, not a definitive diagnosis. Therefore, it is essential to consult with healthcare providers, discuss the results, and determine the most suitable next steps based on individual circumstances. With proper prenatal care and support, expectant mothers can optimize the health and well-being of both themselves and their precious little ones. </p>

<h3>References </h3>

<p>1. Shiefa S, Amargandhi M, Bhupendra J, Moulali S, Kristine T. (2013). First Trimester Maternal Serum Screening Using Biochemical Markers PAPP-A and Free &beta;-hCG for Down Syndrome, Patau Syndrome and Edward Syndrome. Indian J Clin Biochem. </p>

<p>2. Phadke SR, Puri RD, Ranganath P. (2017). Prenatal screening for genetic disorders: Suggested guidelines for the Indian Scenario. Indian J Med Res. </p>

<p>3. Durković J, Ubavić M, Durković M, Kis T. (2018). Prenatal Screening Markers for Down Syndrome: Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Expected Value Method. J Med Biochem. </p>


<h2>TL;DR</h2>

<p><strong>Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is a Government of India scheme that gives pregnant women free, comprehensive antenatal check-ups on the 9th of every month at government health facilities.</strong> Unlike JSY and PMMVY, PMSMA is <strong>not a cash scheme, it provides free medical care</strong> (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA, MoHFW</a>)。 On the 9th of each month, women in their <strong>second or third trimester</strong> can get a full package <strong>free of cost</strong>: a doctor&#39;s check-up, blood and urine tests, one <strong>ultrasound</strong>, medicines, and counselling, all in a single visit. A key goal is to <strong>identify high-risk pregnancies early</strong> using a sticker system on the MCP card (green for no risk, red for high risk). <strong>No advance registration is needed</strong>, just visit a designated government facility on the 9th. It is especially aimed at women who have not had regular check-ups.</p>

<hr />
<blockquote>
<h2>Quick Answer</h2>

<p>Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is a central government scheme that gives pregnant women free, quality antenatal care on the 9th of every month at government health facilities. It is a free-service scheme, not a cash benefit. On the 9th, women in their second or third trimester get a full check-up, blood and urine tests, one ultrasound, medicines and counselling, free of cost. A main aim is to spot high-risk pregnancies early. No advance registration is needed; just visit on the 9th.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<p><strong>Author:</strong> Mylo Parenting Desk (Government Schemes &amp; Maternity Care) <strong>Information source:</strong> Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Government of India) (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/">pmsma.mohfw.gov.in</a>) <strong>Last updated:</strong> 11 June 2026</p>

<blockquote>
<p><strong>Important Note:</strong> This article explains the PMSMA scheme for general information. Services and rules are set by the Government of India and <strong>can change over time</strong>. For the exact designated facility and services near you, check with your <strong>ASHA worker, ANM, or nearest government health facility</strong>, or the official PMSMA website.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>Key Takeaways</h2>

<ul>
	<li>PMSMA provides <strong>free antenatal care on the 9th of every month</strong> (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>)</li>
	<li>It is a <strong>free-service scheme, not a cash benefit</strong> (unlike JSY/PMMVY)</li>
	<li>For pregnant women in the <strong>second and third trimester</strong></li>
	<li>Includes <strong>check-up, blood/urine tests, one ultrasound, medicines, counselling</strong></li>
	<li>A key goal is to <strong>identify high-risk pregnancies early</strong></li>
	<li>Uses a <strong>sticker system</strong> on the MCP card (green = no risk, red = high risk)</li>
	<li><strong>No advance registration needed</strong>, just visit on the 9th</li>
	<li>Involves <strong>voluntary participation of private specialists</strong> too</li>
</ul>

<hr />
<h2>What Is Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)?</h2>

<p><strong>PMSMA is a maternal-health scheme launched by the Government of India in 2016</strong>, run by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>)。 It guarantees <strong>free, fixed-day, comprehensive antenatal care (ANC)</strong> to pregnant women <strong>on the 9th of every month</strong> at designated government health facilities.</p>

<p>Its main aims are to:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Ensure <strong>every pregnant woman gets at least one quality check-up</strong> in the second or third trimester</li>
	<li><strong>Identify and follow up high-risk pregnancies</strong> early</li>
	<li>Reduce <strong>maternal and newborn deaths</strong> through timely care</li>
</ol>

<blockquote>
<p>Unlike JSY and PMMVY (which give <strong>cash</strong>), PMSMA gives <strong>free medical care and tests</strong>.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>What Services Do You Get Under PMSMA? (Benefits)</h2>

<p>On the 9th, a pregnant woman gets a <strong>complete free package in a single visit</strong> (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>):</p>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Service</th>
			<th>What It Includes</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Doctor&#39;s check-up</strong></td>
			<td>Physical and obstetric examination by a doctor/specialist</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Blood tests</strong></td>
			<td>Haemoglobin, blood group, blood sugar, HIV, and other tests</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Urine test</strong></td>
			<td>To check for infection, protein, sugar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Ultrasound</strong></td>
			<td>At least one ultrasound scan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Medicines</strong></td>
			<td>Such as iron-folic acid and calcium supplements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Counselling</strong></td>
			<td>On nutrition, danger signs, and delivery planning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Risk identification</strong></td>
			<td>Detecting high-risk pregnancies</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<blockquote>
<p>All of this is <strong>free of cost</strong> at the designated government facility.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>Who Is Eligible for PMSMA? (Eligibility)</h2>

<p>PMSMA is <strong>for all pregnant women</strong>, with a special focus on those who miss regular care (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>):</p>

<ul>
	<li>Pregnant women in their <strong>second and third trimester</strong></li>
	<li>Especially <strong>unregistered, adolescent, early, or high-risk</strong> pregnancies</li>
	<li>Women who have <strong>not had regular antenatal check-ups</strong></li>
</ul>

<blockquote>
<p>There is <strong>no income or category restriction</strong>, it is universal. <strong>No advance registration is needed</strong>; just visit a designated government facility on the 9th.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>When and Where Can You Get PMSMA Care?</h2>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Aspect</th>
			<th>Detail</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Day</strong></td>
			<td>The <strong>9th of every month</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>If the 9th is a holiday</strong></td>
			<td>Usually held on the <strong>next working day</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Where</strong></td>
			<td>Designated <strong>government health facilities</strong> (PHC, CHC, district hospital, etc.)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Cost</strong></td>
			<td><strong>Free</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Registration</strong></td>
			<td>Not required in advance; just walk in</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<blockquote>
<p>Ask your <strong>ASHA worker or ANM</strong> for the nearest designated PMSMA facility.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>What Is the PMSMA Sticker System? (High-Risk Identification)</h2>

<p>A key part of PMSMA is <strong>spotting high-risk pregnancies early</strong>, using a <strong>sticker on the Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card</strong> (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>):</p>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Sticker</th>
			<th>Meaning</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Green sticker</strong></td>
			<td>No risk factor detected</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Red sticker</strong></td>
			<td>High-risk pregnancy (needs extra care and follow-up)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<blockquote>
<p>If you receive a <strong>red sticker</strong>, it means your pregnancy needs <strong>closer monitoring</strong>, follow your doctor&#39;s advice for further care.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>Why Is PMSMA Important?</h2>

<p>Regular antenatal care saves lives, and PMSMA makes it accessible (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>):</p>

<ol>
	<li><strong>Free quality care</strong> for women who might otherwise skip check-ups</li>
	<li><strong>Early detection</strong> of problems like anaemia, high blood pressure, gestational diabetes</li>
	<li><strong>High-risk pregnancies</strong> get identified and followed up</li>
	<li><strong>Counselling</strong> helps women plan a safe delivery</li>
	<li><strong>Reduces maternal and newborn deaths</strong></li>
</ol>

<hr />
<h2>PMSMA vs JSY vs PMMVY: What Is the Difference?</h2>

<p>These three schemes support pregnant women in <strong>different ways</strong>, and you may benefit from <strong>all three</strong> (<a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-can-a-pregnant-woman-get-6000-189346">Mylo</a>):</p>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Scheme</th>
			<th>What It Gives</th>
			<th>Type</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>PMSMA</strong></td>
			<td>Free antenatal check-up on the 9th</td>
			<td><strong>Free service</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>JSY</strong></td>
			<td>Cash for hospital delivery (₹600 to ₹1,400)</td>
			<td><strong>Cash benefit</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>PMMVY</strong></td>
			<td>₹5,000 (first child); ₹6,000 (second girl child)</td>
			<td><strong>Cash benefit</strong></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>➡️ <strong>Related reads:</strong> <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-can-a-pregnant-woman-get-6000-189346">How a pregnant woman can get government support</a> and <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-benefits-would-pregnant-women-receive-from-pr-66242">Benefits under PMSMA</a></p>

<hr />
<h2>Indian Context: What Expecting Mothers Should Know</h2>

<ol>
	<li><strong>Mark the 9th:</strong> Plan to visit your designated government facility <strong>on the 9th</strong> for a free, complete check-up (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>)</li>
	<li><strong>Bring your MCP card:</strong> It records your check-ups, tests and the risk sticker</li>
	<li><strong>It is completely free:</strong> Never pay for PMSMA services; report anyone asking for money</li>
	<li><strong>Do not skip if high-risk:</strong> A red sticker means you need extra care, follow up promptly</li>
	<li><strong>Combine with other schemes:</strong> You may also qualify for <strong>JSY</strong> (delivery) and <strong>PMMVY</strong> (cash), ask your ASHA worker</li>
	<li><strong>Even one visit matters:</strong> If you have missed check-ups, PMSMA is a chance to get quality care in one visit</li>
</ol>

<hr />
<h2>Myths vs Facts About PMSMA</h2>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Myth</th>
			<th>Fact</th>
			<th>Source</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;PMSMA gives cash to pregnant women&quot;</td>
			<td>False. It provides free antenatal care, not cash</td>
			<td><a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;You need to register in advance&quot;</td>
			<td>False. Just visit a designated facility on the 9th</td>
			<td><a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;Only poor women are eligible&quot;</td>
			<td>False. It is universal, for all pregnant women</td>
			<td><a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;PMSMA and JSY are the same&quot;</td>
			<td>False. PMSMA is free care; JSY is delivery cash</td>
			<td><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-can-a-pregnant-woman-get-6000-189346">Mylo</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;You have to pay for the ultrasound&quot;</td>
			<td>False. The check-up, tests and ultrasound are free</td>
			<td><a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<hr />
<h2>FAQs: Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)</h2>

<h3>What is Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)?</h3>

<p>PMSMA is a <strong>Government of India scheme</strong> that gives pregnant women <strong>free, comprehensive antenatal care on the 9th of every month</strong> at government health facilities (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>)。 It is a free-service scheme (not cash), aimed at ensuring quality check-ups and spotting high-risk pregnancies early.</p>

<h3>PMSMA mein kya milta hai? (Hinglish)</h3>

<p>PMSMA mein har mahine ki 9 taareekh ko pregnant women ko free antenatal check-up milta hai. Isme doctor ki jaanch, blood aur urine test, ek ultrasound, medicines (jaise iron-folic acid, calcium) aur counselling, sab free milta hai. Iska mukhya maqsad high-risk pregnancy ko jaldi pehchanna hai. Advance registration ki zarurat nahi, bas 9 taareekh ko government facility par jaayein.</p>

<h3>When is PMSMA held?</h3>

<p>On the <strong>9th of every month</strong> (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>)。 If the 9th falls on a holiday, it is usually held on the <strong>next working day</strong>. Just visit a designated government health facility, no advance registration is needed.</p>

<h3>Who is eligible for PMSMA?</h3>

<p><strong>All pregnant women</strong>, especially those in their <strong>second or third trimester</strong>, and particularly unregistered, adolescent, or high-risk pregnancies (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>)。 There is no income or category restriction, it is universal and free.</p>

<h3>Kya PMSMA ki services free hain? (Hinglish)</h3>

<p>Haan, PMSMA ki saari services bilkul free hain, doctor ki jaanch, blood/urine test, ek ultrasound, medicines aur counselling. Kisi bhi service ke liye paise dene ki zarurat nahi. Agar koi paise maange toh yeh galat hai, iski shikayat karein. Bas apna MCP card saath le jaayein.</p>

<h3>What is the red sticker in PMSMA?</h3>

<p>The <strong>red sticker</strong> on your MCP card means a <strong>high-risk pregnancy</strong> has been identified, so you need <strong>closer monitoring and follow-up</strong> (<a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">PMSMA</a>)。 A <strong>green sticker</strong> means no risk factor was detected. Follow your doctor&#39;s advice based on your sticker.</p>

<h3>Is PMSMA the same as JSY or PMMVY?</h3>

<p><strong>No.</strong> PMSMA provides <strong>free antenatal care</strong> (a service), while <strong>JSY</strong> gives cash for hospital delivery and <strong>PMMVY</strong> gives a maternity cash benefit (<a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-can-a-pregnant-woman-get-6000-189346">Mylo</a>)。 A pregnant woman may benefit from <strong>all three</strong>.</p>

<hr />
<h2>References</h2>

<ol>
	<li>PMSMA, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. &quot;About the Scheme.&quot; <a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/">https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/about-scheme/</a></li>
	<li>PMSMA Official Portal. <a href="https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/">https://pmsma.mohfw.gov.in/</a></li>
	<li>Press Information Bureau (PIB), Govt of India. &quot;PMSMA.&quot; <a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1845078">https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1845078</a></li>
	<li>National Health Mission (NHM). &quot;Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan.&quot; <a href="https://nhm.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&amp;level=3&amp;sublinkid=1308&amp;lid=689">https://nhm.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1&amp;level=3&amp;sublinkid=1308&amp;lid=689</a></li>
</ol>

<h2><strong>Nuchal Translucency Scan- What does it indicate?</strong></h2>

<p>Are you pregnant? Then you will have scheduled appointments and screenings with the gynecologist till the baby is born. To identify any potential problems about the health of the unborn child and the mother, prenatal screenings are done by the doctor. Some of the problems that can be identified with such screenings are chromosomal abnormalities, gestational diabetes, or anemia.</p>

<p>Pregnancy screenings are usually conducted in the first, second, and third trimesters. The screening done during the first trimester gives the doctor early information about the health of the child and the risk for chromosome abnormalities.</p>

<p>NT scan report or the Nuchal Translucency scan enables the doctor to get an idea about such abnormalities. This kind of scan is usually done between 11 to 13 weeks of pregnancy. After this period, the tissue becomes thick and is no longer translucent. The results become inconclusive.</p>

<h2><strong>Why is an NT scan conducted?</strong></h2>

<p>NT scan is a popular screening test done during the first trimester. With the help of the NT scan report normal, the doctor can see the size of the clear tissue. This is also called the nuchal translucency and is located at the back of the neck of the baby.</p>

<p>It is not an unusual condition to have clear or fluid space at the back of the baby&rsquo;s neck. However, if the child has too much clear space, it is indicative of Down syndrome or chromosomal abnormalities like Edwards Syndrome or Patau Syndrome.</p>

<p>The cells in our body consist of many parts including the nucleus. The genetic matter is contained in the nucleus. Generally, the nucleus has 23 pairs of chromosomes and they are inherited from the mother and the father.</p>

<p>However, people born with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21. This is not a curable condition and results in delays in the development of the child and also develops physical characteristics separate from the normal kids.</p>

<p>Some of the characteristics include:</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>Short stature</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Low muscle tone</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Eyes with an upward slant</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p>This condition has been found in one in 700 babies and is among the most common genetic problems affecting babies.</p>

<p>Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome are rare and fatal chromosomal abnormalities. If a child is born with either of the two conditions, they die in the first year.</p>

<h2><strong>Advantages of conducting NT scan</strong></h2>

<p>There are several benefits associated with conducting the NT scan normal report when a woman is pregnant. Some of the benefits are as follows:</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>Chromosomal abnormalities (Edward&rsquo;s syndrome or Patau syndrome), genetic problems, congenital heart abnormalities, risk of miscarriages, and chances of developing Down syndrome can be detected early in the pregnancy. This is the biggest benefit that one can get from the NT scan.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>If the screening shows that there is a risk for the baby, one can perform other tests. It helps in deciding whether to keep the child or not. The gynecologist can give better guidance in such situations.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Since this is a non-invasive test, this must be performed beforehand on a pregnant woman before invasive tests are conducted. Invasive tests are risky and often carry the risk of miscarriages.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Like the other scans done during pregnancy, this test also gives great feedback about the health of the child in the womb of the mother. The NT scan shows the child in an extremely detailed manner. It confirms the due date of the child as well.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2><strong>When must an NT scan be done during pregnancy?</strong></h2>

<p>The clear space at the unborn child&rsquo;s back disappears by week 15. This is the reason why an NT scan report is conducted in the first trimester of pregnancy. The test also consists of blood tests for checking the plasma protein and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). It is a maternal hormone. Any abnormal level in either is indicative of a chromosome problem.</p>

<h2><strong>Who must get an NT scan?</strong></h2>

<p>The NT scan is recommended for most pregnant women. It is among the most common prenatal tests conducted during the first trimester of pregnancy. Doing the test helps one to take important prenatal care decisions.</p>

<h2><strong>What is the working method of an NT scan?</strong></h2>

<p>When the pregnant woman is screened, the doctor conducts an abdominal ultrasound to get the NT scan report sample. One can do a transvaginal test alternatively. In that test, the ultrasound probe is inserted into the vagina of the woman.</p>

<p>High-frequency sound waves are used in the ultrasound for creating an image from inside the body of the pregnant woman. With the help of this image, the doctor will be able to measure the translucency or clear space at the neck of the unborn child. Then the age of the woman is entered in a computer program for calculating the risk of the baby and the chances of it developing any abnormality.</p>

<p>The NT scan cannot completely diagnose whether the child has Down Syndrome or other chromosomal problems. It can only indicate the chances of developing such abnormalities. The pregnant woman must speak to the doctor for blood tests that will help to understand the risks that the child may have.</p>

<p>If an NT scan and blood tests are done on the pregnant woman, the screening becomes 85 percent correct in predicting Down Syndrome. Without conducting the blood test, the screening&rsquo;s accuracy is at 75 percent.</p>

<h2><strong>What are the preparations to undertake for an NT scan?</strong></h2>

<p>There is no special preparation needed for undergoing an NT scan. The scan gets completed in half an hour. However, if the position of the child is not convenient, the doctor might ask the woman to wait before conducting the scan again. The maximum time the scan might take is an hour.</p>

<p>When the NT scan is conducted, the pregnant women lie down on the examination table and the technician moves the ultrasound wand over her stomach.</p>

<p>It is recommended that the woman drink water about an hour before conducting the test. A fuller bladder helps provide easier readings. The pregnant woman must wear comfortable clothing during the test as the ultrasound tech will be accessing the lower abdomen.</p>

<p>The results might be given to the woman on the day of the test itself. Or else the doctor might discuss the findings before one leaves the test center. One must remember that getting an abnormal result does not mean that the baby has a chromosomal problem. It is also true that getting normal results also does not ensure that the child will not have Down syndrome.</p>

<p>The test has a five percent false-positive rate. Five percent of pregnant women give birth to normal babies even after getting positive results. If the result is positive, then your doctor might suggest another blood test known as prenatal cell-free DNA screening. It helps to examine the fetal DNA in the blood and helps access the risk of the baby for Down syndrome and other disorders.</p>

<h2><strong>What do the levels in Nuchal Translucency indicate?</strong></h2>

<p>Nuchal Translucency level that is less than 3.5mm is the normal range. The doctors usually rule out Down Syndrome if the test result comes within 2.5mm and 3.5 mm. Any increase in the NT levels may be suggestive of chromosomal abnormalities in children.</p>

<p>If the NT level of the baby is 6mm, it shows that there is a greater risk of chromosomal abnormalities. However, it occurs very rarely in babies.</p>

<h2><strong>Diagnostic testing vs screening?</strong></h2>

<p>NT scan normal report images is a screening test and not a diagnostic test. Though pregnant women can be scared after getting positive results from the NT scan, they must remember that it is not a definitive conclusion. It just predicts the risk that the child might have.</p>

<p>There are major differences between diagnostic and screening testing. Screening tests help identify risk factors for an ailment. The diagnostic testing helps confirm the presence of a disease.</p>

<h2><strong>What are the steps to diagnosing an abnormality?</strong></h2>

<p>For diagnosing the chromosomal abnormalities, ask the doctor about the diagnostic testing. Aminocentesis is an option available for pregnant women. A needle is inserted through the abdomen into the amniotic sac for retrieving a fluid sample. This fluid consists of cells that provide important genetic details about the child.</p>

<p>Another diagnostic testing available is chorionic villus sampling. In this test, the doctor takes a sample of the tissue in the woman&rsquo;s placenta and then they test it to check for chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders.</p>

<p>A word of caution- there is a small chance of miscarriage in both these tests.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="167" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NYHdhQkvF5M" title="YouTube video player" width="315"></iframe></p>

<h2><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2>

<p>NT scan is a non-invasive and safe test that does not cause harm to the pregnant woman or the unborn child. One must remember that first-trimester screening is recommended. However, this is an optional screening. You can opt or not opt for it. Many women skip such tests as they become anxious after knowing the results. It is best to talk with the gynecologist and share your anxieties and worries and how the results will affect your mental well-being.</p>

<p>Also read about: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-doppler-scan-during-pregnancy-in-which-week-should-you-get-it-done-150524">Fetal Doppler Scan During Pregnancy: In which week should you get it done?</a>, <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/risks-of-getting-a-fetal-doppler-scan-during-your-pregnancy-152448">Risks of Getting a Fetal Doppler Scan During Your Pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/second-trimester-fetal-scan-during-pregnancy-150540">Second Trimester Fetal Anomaly Scan during Pregnancy: What does it detect?</a>, <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/blood-beta-hcg-test-what-is-it-levels-how-to-read-it-106915">Blood beta Hcg test: What is it, levels &amp; How to read it?</a>and <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-is-anomaly-scan--a-complete-guide-96154">Anomaly report</a></p>

<p><span style="font-size:14px">References</span></p>

<p>1. Healthwise Staff. (2022). First-Trimester Screening for Birth Defects. https://www.uofmhealth.org/</p>

<p>2. Berger A. (1999). What is fetal nuchal translucency?. NCBI</p>

<p>3. Healthwise Staff. (2022). Nuchal Translucency Screening Test. https://www.uofmhealth.org/</p>


<p>The HCG levels are checked by a doctor when a woman is unsure if she is pregnant. However, the absence of HCG in her blood does not always imply that she is not pregnant. For instance, she might be too early in her pregnancy for HCG levels to rise. Every aspiring and would-be mom knows how important HCG is but do they understand what causes low HCG levels in early pregnancy?</p>

<p>In this article, we will discuss all the details starting from the basics of HCG and then the possible reasons for low HCG levels in early pregnancy and how to increase HCG levels in early pregnancy by food.</p>

<h2><strong>What is HCG in pregnancy? </strong></h2>

<p><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/blood-beta-hcg-test-what-is-it-levels-how-to-read-it-106915?">Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)</a> is often referred to as the pregnancy hormone because it is produced by cells created in the placenta, which provides nourishment to the egg after it has been fertilised and attached to the uterine wall. A blood test may identify levels approximately 11 days after pregnancy, while a urine test can reveal levels 12-14 days after conception. HCG levels typically double every 72 hours for the first 8-11 weeks of pregnancy, then gradually fall and level out for the rest of the pregnancy.</p>

<h2><strong>How to read the HCG pregnancy test? </strong></h2>

<p>HCG levels of more than five million (mIU/mL) international units per millilitre often suggest pregnancy. The first test score is considered to be the baseline level, which may range from 20 mIU/mL or even lower to 2,500 mIU/mL. Because of a medical practice known as &quot;doubling time&quot;, the baseline level is crucial. During the first four weeks of a healthy pregnancy, HCG levels normally increase every two to three days. The levels will almost double every 96 hours after six weeks. Whether a woman&#39;s baseline level is more than 5 mIU/mL, her doctor may order a follow-up test to see if the number doubles.</p>

<h2><strong>Why do doctors suggest an HCG injection during pregnancy? </strong></h2>

<p>HCG injections are administered to pregnant women unless they are essential because the body of a pregnant woman needs high quantities of HCG to help sustain the pregnancy. Therefore, women with low HCG levels are given HCG injections during pregnancy.</p>

<h2><strong>What causes low HCG levels in early pregnancy? </strong></h2>

<p>Here are some other reasons for low HCG levels:</p>

<h3>1. Miscalculated gestational age</h3>

<p>Low HCG levels usually indicate a pregnancy that was considered to be between 6 and 12 weeks is not actually in that time period. Ultrasound and other HCG tests may be utilised to <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/difference-in-lmp-and-ultrasound-scan-192312">measure gestational age</a> accurately.</p>

<h3>2. Miscarriage</h3>

<p>Low HCG levels might sometimes suggest that the woman has had or will have a <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/miscarriage-during-early-pregnancy-causes-symptoms-how-to-avoid-155203?">miscarriage</a>. If the pregnancy fails to produce a placenta, the levels may initially be normal but fail to increase.</p>

<h3>3. Blighted egg</h3>

<p>When an egg is fertilised, it adheres to the uterine wall but does not grow further. The gestational sac may produce HCG hormone, but the amount does not grow since the egg does not mature.</p>

<h3>4. Ectopic conception</h3>

<p><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-to-detect-ectopic-pregnancy-early-163386?">Ectopic pregnancy</a> occurs when the fertilised egg stays in the fallopian tube and develops there, which is fatal. Low HCG levels may be indicative of an ectopic pregnancy.</p>

<p>Although sometimes it&#39;s not possible for a woman to increase her HCG levels naturally, a few things can be considered to sustain normal pregnancy.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-to-increase-hcg-levels-in-early-pregnancy-naturally-163500">How to Increase HCG Levels In Early Pregnancy Naturally?</a></p>

<h2><strong>How to increase HCG levels in early pregnancy by food? </strong></h2>

<p>HCG increases naturally in the body; however, if a woman&#39;s HCG is critically low, her doctor may prescribe <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/why-are-some-women-recommended-hcg-injection-during-pregnancy-221308">hCG injections</a>. Attempting remedies or consuming foods that claim to increase hCG levels may seem appealing. However, it is important to note that there is no known method to alter or elevate hCG levels.</p>

<p>Furthermore, it is crucial to understand that HCG levels provide insights into the progress of a pregnancy, but adjusting these levels would not address any underlying issues. In a healthy pregnancy, HCG levels naturally increase until around the 12th week, after which they gradually decrease. As long as the levels are consistently rising, there is no need for concern or attempts to further elevate them.</p>

<h2><strong>Conclusion </strong></h2>

<p>Although it is important to know what causes low HCG levels in early pregnancy, it is equally important to remember that It is normal for HCG to progress slowly during early pregnancy. Also, some women have a healthy pregnancy throughout with not very high levels of HCG. And what works for one might not work for another. Food plays an important role in keeping a woman&#39;s hormones in balance, ensuring a healthy pregnancy. Follow the doctor&#39;s advice and make diet plans accordingly. Women should watch their symptoms, eat healthily and work as per their doctor&#39;s suggestions.</p>

<h3>References</h3>

<p>1. Nepomnaschy PA, Weinberg CR, Wilcox AJ, Baird DD. (2008). Urinary hCG patterns during the week following implantation. NCBI</p>

<p>2. Barjaktarovic M, Korevaar TI. (2017). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations during the late first trimester are associated with fetal growth in a fetal sex-specific manner. NCBI</p>

<p>3. Kohorn, EI. (2004). What we know about low-level hCG: Definition, classification and management. <em>The Journal of Reproductive Medicine</em></p>

<p><strong>Tags</strong></p>

<p><a href="https://mylofamily.com/bn/article/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D-173368">What Causes Low HCG Levels in Early Pregnancy in Bengali</a>, <a href="https://mylofamily.com/te/article/-%20%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%20%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%20-%20%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF,%20%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%20%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%20%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%20%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%20%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%20%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%20%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF-190042">What Causes Low HCG Levels in Early Pregnancy in Telugu</a>, <a href="https://mylofamily.com/ta/article/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95-220914">What Causes Low HCG Levels in Early Pregnancy in Tamil</a></p>
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