When a pregnant woman has too little amniotic fluid then this condition is termed Oligohydramnios. A...

Read this article to learn what is oligohydramnios or low amniotic fluid during pregnancy, it's symptoms, causes, diagnoses, risk factors and treatment.

A birth that takes place before the 37th week of pregnancy

PrematureDelivery

Natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.

Miscarriage

This is a safe space to ask questions and share insights on everything from prenatal care and morning sickness to labor and delivery.

pregnant

Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus by vaginal passage or Caesarean section

Labour&Delivery

Major complications that you may face during your pregnancy and after delivery.

ComplicationsInPregnancy

Babies born before the start of 37th week of pregnancy

PrematureBabies

Oligohydramnios (Low Amniotic Fluid During Pregnancy): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

<>Priyanka | Mylo Editor

Having a child is the most wonderful feeling in the world. However, when a child is born prematurely...

Looking for information about premature babies? Read this article to learn in detail about the reasons for premature labour and how it is managed. 

Premature Baby: Meaning, Symptoms and Complications

Premature Baby: Meaning & Symptoms

<p>Having a child is the most wonderful feeling in the world. However, when a child is born prematurely, it can devastate parents. The baby may take a long time to recover and will have to stay in the NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) for a while. While there, they undergo many different treatments and require a lot of care from their parents, who are often exhausted and worried. In most cases, the baby recovers fully and can go home eventually. We will learn about premature babies, why they are born prematurely, symptoms, complications, treatments, etc.</p>

<h2><strong>Premature baby: meaning </strong></h2>

<p>A premature baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. During this time, the baby&#39;s organs are still developing and need extra time to fully mature. In most cases, they are born weighing less than five pounds. Premature birth can be a frightening experience for any parent.</p>

<h2><strong>Why are babies born prematurely? </strong></h2>

<p>Several reasons, including the following, can cause a preterm delivery:</p>

<ul>
	<li>If women were exposed to certain chemicals in their workplace or at home.</li>
	<li>If they had an <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/infections-during-pregnancy-that-can-harm-your-baby-25212?">infection during pregnancy</a>.</li>
	<li>If their <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/is-it-safe-to-try-breaking-your-water-at-home-what-25632?">water breaks before the 36th week</a> of their pregnancy, they will have to deliver their baby early.</li>
	<li>If they had an <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/genital-herpes-causes-symptoms-risks-treatment-25538">STD</a> while they were pregnant. A premature baby is more likely to contract an infection or sickness, sometimes resulting in death.</li>
	<li>Placental problems, such as placenta praevia, placental insufficiency, or <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/placenta-abruption-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-25540?">placental abruption</a>, can occur.</li>
</ul>

<p> </p>

<p>Women can have premature babies for several different reasons. However, in most cases, it is not their fault, and the baby has not had enough time to develop as it should. Doing all they can to protect themselves while pregnant can help reduce their chances of giving preterm birth.</p>

<h2><strong>What are the symptoms of premature labour? </strong></h2>

<p>The symptoms of premature labour may include:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/contractions-what-they-mean-their-types-194351">Contractions</a> that get more regular and occur more often over time</li>
	<li>Nausea, vomiting or <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-to-stop-motions-during-pregnancy-166768?">diarrhea</a></li>
	<li>Evidence of a baby&#39;s decreased or ceased movements</li>
	<li>Pelvic pressure or pain</li>
	<li><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/is-back-pain-during-pregnancy-normal-67131">Backache</a></li>
	<li>Spotting or <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/bleeding-during-pregnancy-what-does-it-mean-should-you-consult-a-doctor-169967?">bleeding from the vagina</a></li>
	<li>Get watery, mucus-like <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/do-pregnant-women-have-discharge-202488?">discharge from the vagina</a></li>
</ul>

<p style="text-align:center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="167" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pfmEeGIg3zE" title="YouTube video player" width="315"></iframe></p>

<p>If a woman experiences any of these symptoms during her pregnancy, she should speak to her doctor as soon as possible. Several factors often cause <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/preterm-labor-meaning-symptoms-causes-25428">premature labor</a>, and getting treatment as quickly as possible is important to have the best chance at a healthy, full-term pregnancy. Treatments for premature labour may include medications or even a C-section, depending on the severity of the situation and other factors. Overall, having a premature baby can be very scary and overwhelming, but most parents can get through it and care for their child with the help of their medical team.</p>

<h2><strong>Complications </strong></h2>

<p>Premature babies are at risk for several different complications, including the following:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)</li>
	<li>Infections</li>
	<li><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/low-birth-weight-causes-complications-treatment-12947?">Low birth weight</a> or other growth issues</li>
	<li>Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)</li>
	<li>Long-term neurological damage or disabilities</li>
	<li><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/neonatal-jaundice-causes-symptoms-treatment-12867?">Jaundice</a>, anaemia, and other blood disorders</li>
	<li>Poor feeding habits or <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-to-increase-newborn-babys-weight-191389?">difficulty gaining weight</a></li>
</ul>

<p>Parents must be aware of these complications and work closely with their doctors to manage them. Many treatments are available for premature babies, including medications and other necessary medical interventions. With the right care and support, most premature babies can go on to lead healthy and happy lives.</p>

<h3><strong>Short-Term Complications </strong></h3>

<p>Short-term complications that may occur with premature babies are:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Respiratory distress syndrome</li>
	<li>Infections</li>
	<li>Low blood sugar</li>
	<li>Problems with feeding</li>
</ul>

<p> </p>

<h3><strong>Long-Term Complications </strong></h3>

<p>Some long-term complications that may occur with preterm baby include:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/baby-developmental-delay-what-you-should-know-221300?">Developmental delays</a> and disabilities</li>
	<li>Vision and hearing problems</li>
	<li>Prematurely aged skin and organs</li>
</ul>

<p> </p>

<h2><strong>Will I be able to feed my baby? </strong></h2>

<p>Yes, most women can breastfeed their premature babies successfully. A <a href="https://mylofamily.com/search?q=bra&amp;tag=all">maternity bra</a> and <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/nipple-shield-101-everything-you-need-to-know-before-trying-one-221004?">nipple shield</a> can be used to make it easier. There are also several different breastfeeding support groups and resources that can help mothers learn to breastfeed their preterm babies successfully. A <a href="https://mylofamily.com/search?q=maternity%20dress&amp;tag=all">pregnancy dress</a> that opens up in front can make feeding easier. So, with the right support and help, women can feed their premature babies successfully.</p>

<h2><strong>How is premature labour managed? </strong></h2>

<p>To <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-are-the-symptoms-and-causes-of-a-premature-delivery-how-to-prevent-it-155464">manage premature labour</a>, the first step is to check if it&#39;s true or false. Generally speaking, premature birth happens when the expectant mother enters labour before the 37th week of pregnancy. This can be a frightening and worrying time for new parents and their families.</p>

<p>Several things can be done to help manage premature labour. The first step is to try and stop the contractions if they still need to be stronger. This can be done through rest, physical activity, pelvic movement, or other techniques such as acupuncture or acupressure.</p>

<p>If the contractions show no signs of stopping, the doctor may decide to administer drugs to either halt or slow down the contractions. Depending on the situation, this is done through either an epidural or a pudendal block.</p>

<h3>Final Thoughts</h3>

<p>While the time of arrival of your baby may not be in your control, knowing the symptoms of premature labor, its consequences and how to take care of a premature baby in advance can help you prepare for what&#39;s to come ahead. It&#39;s important to remember that as long as you and your baby are safe and healthy, the time and method of delivery don&#39;t matter. Work closely with your doctor to improve your pregnancy outcomes and stay hopeful throughout this beautiful journey. </p>

<h3>References</h3>

<p>1. Glass HC, Costarino AT, Stayer SA, Brett CM, Cladis F, Davis PJ. (2015). Outcomes for extremely premature infants. Anesth Analg. </p>

<p>2. Romero R, Dey SK, Fisher SJ. (2014). Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes. Science.</p>


<p>Premature delivery is a common problem in today&rsquo;s times. Read on to learn more about its symptoms and causes and how to prevent it.</p>

<p>Premature delivery is one in which a baby takes birth before the start of the 37th week of pregnancy. Premature babies, who are not fully grown and are delivered, often have complicated medical problems. The earlier your baby is born, the higher the risk of complications. This is because premature babies have very low body temperatures and cannot adjust their body temperature to room temperature.</p>

<h2><strong>Types of Premature Delivery</strong></h2>

<ul>
	<li>Late preterm - birth between 34 and 36 weeks of pregnancy.</li>
	<li>Moderate preterm - birth between 32 and 34 weeks of pregnancy.</li>
	<li>Very preterm - birth at less than 32 weeks of pregnancy.</li>
	<li>Extremely preterm - birth before 25 weeks of pregnancy, which is a very rare case.</li>
</ul>

<h2><strong>Symptoms and Signs of a Premature Delivery</strong></h2>

<ul>
	<li>Regular sensations of tightening in the abdominal region</li>
	<li>Backache problems</li>
	<li>Low-level abdominal pressure</li>
	<li>Light abdominal cramps</li>
	<li>Vaginal spotting</li>
	<li>Variation in the quality of vaginal discharge - consisting of water, mucus, or sometimes blood</li>
</ul>

<p>If you undergo any such cases as listed above, it is highly recommended that you visit your doctor immediately. Also, a regular check-up with your gynecologist is advisable during pregnancy.</p>

<h2><strong>Complications of Premature Birth</strong></h2>

<ul>
	<li>The baby is of small size with a large head.</li>
	<li>There is fine hair all over the body.</li>
	<li>The baby&rsquo;s body temperature is low body due to a lack of stored body fat.</li>
	<li>The baby is less active and has slow growth.</li>
	<li>The baby has trouble breathing due to an immature respiratory system.</li>
	<li>The baby might have heart problems and low blood pressure.</li>
	<li>The baby cannot easily suck or swallow, leading to difficulty in feeding.</li>
</ul>

<h2><strong>Causes of Premature Delivery</strong></h2>

<ol>
	<li>If you have a craving for a particular food, have it in small quantities. Excessive intake of any food can harm your fetus and cause premature delivery.</li>
	<li>Any health issues in your body before pregnancy can also cause premature delivery.</li>
	<li>Unnecessary physical work or inappropriate exercises that involve too much twisting and turning will hurt the fetus. Gym exercises, aerobics, intense swimming, or lifting heavy weights can harm the fetus and cause premature delivery.</li>
	<li>It is best to avoid sexual intercourse in the final trimester when the fetus has grown in size. During pregnancy, the vagina and uterus are extra sensitive to injury. The sexual act causes unnecessary exertion and could harm the fetus.</li>
	<li>Having a previous premature birth can cause complications.</li>
	<li>Already having a problem with the uterus, cervix or placenta may lead to premature delivery.</li>
	<li>Some chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes during pregnancy can affect the fetus, causing preterm labor.</li>
	<li>If the mother-to-be is underweight or overweight before pregnancy and during pregnancy.</li>
	<li>If the mother-to-be has gone through stressful life events, the pregnancy may be difficult.</li>
	<li>Multiple miscarriages or abortions also cause complications.</li>
	<li>Physical injury or trauma adversely affects the birth of the baby.</li>
	<li>When there is too much amniotic fluid around the baby during pregnancy, the uterus becomes larger. Preterm labor is to be induced in such a case without any delay.</li>
	<li>The presence of a congenital fetal disability may lead to a complicated delivery.</li>
	<li>If the mother-to-be is too young or too old to conceive, it may be a cause of concern.</li>
</ol>

<h2><strong>Prevention of premature delivery</strong></h2>

<ol>
	<li>The first and the most important thing is to take care of your diet during your whole pregnancy. Do not eat any foods that are difficult to digest.</li>
	<li>Carrot or tomato juice is not advisable. Tomato soup may be consumed occasionally.</li>
	<li>Cheese and paneer can be occasionally eaten in small quantities at lunchtime.</li>
	<li>Avoid noodles, biscuits, cake, and other foods made from refined flour as much as possible.</li>
	<li>Varieties made from whole wheat flour are better and healthier.</li>
	<li>Chemicals used in icing and decoration could be harmful.</li>
	<li>The amount of uncooked salt (salt added after cooking) should be reduced as it has almost no nutritional value.</li>
	<li>Soda and other carbonated drinks weaken the digestive fire in the human body. Such beverages may be replaced with freshly made lemon juice.</li>
	<li>Fermented foods are heavy to digest and, therefore, should be avoided.</li>
	<li>Snacks such as idly, dhokla, and dosa should be homemade and not be fermented for too long.</li>
	<li>Do not eat excessive sweet, sour, salty, spicy, bitter &amp; astringent foods. A balanced diet for the mother-to-be should include all six tastes in balance.</li>
	<li>Smoking &amp; drinking must be avoided.</li>
	<li>Avoid traveling on hollow roads or on vehicles that jerk and bump a lot when pregnant. Women should not travel long distances during the last trimester of pregnancy. Direct injury or impact of any kind to the abdomen can injure the fetus.</li>
	<li>Wear loose and comfortable garments. Avoid tight-fitting clothes that will impede circulation. Jeans, skirts, and petticoats that tend to tighten around the abdomen should be avoided.</li>
	<li>In the case of multiple pregnancies, you can go through a surgical procedure performed during pregnancy in women. During this procedure, the cervix is stitched close with strong sutures to provide extra support to the uterus. You need to avoid vigorous activity throughout the remaining pregnancy in such cases. This can help you in preventing preterm labor.</li>
	<li>An interval of fewer than six months between pregnancies is not recommended. It would help if you had at least a year&rsquo;s gap or more between pregnancies.</li>
</ol>

<h2><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2>

<p>So, complications of preterm labor include delivering a preterm baby. This can pose several health concerns for your baby.</p>

<p>Therefore, to promote a healthy, full-term pregnancy, take care of your diet. Seek regular prenatal care, and consider pregnancy spacing. Manage your diabetes and blood pressure during pregnancy.</p>

<h3>References</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Suman V, Luther EE. (2022). Preterm Labor. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</li>
	<li>Kinney, M.V., Rhoda, N.R. (2019). Understanding the causes of preterm birth: solutions depend on context. www.thelancet.com</li>
</ol>


Premature birth can be a cause of concern in pregnancy. Read on to know about the symptoms, causes and prevention of premature birth.

Premature Delivery: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention

What are the Symptoms and Causes of a Premature Delivery & How to Prevent it?

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">When a pregnant woman has too little amniotic fluid then this condition is termed Oligohydramnios. Amniotic fluid is a fluid that surrounds the growing baby in the uterus and helps in the development of an unborn child. It acts as a cushion to your baby, which allows your baby to move in the womb and prevents the umbilical cord to get pressed. By protecting the baby from any injury, the amniotic fluid performs several crucial functions. </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">During pregnancy, your gynecologist will measure the amount of amniotic fluid through deep pocket measurements. After the AFI (amniotic fluid index) evaluation, if the doctor suspects that it is lower than the baby&rsquo;s gestational age, then it can affect your health as well as the baby&rsquo;s health. When the amniotic fluid levels are low in the body of a pregnant woman, then this condition is termed Oligohydramnios. If the fluid is too high, then it is termed Polyhydramnios. </span></p>

<h2 style="text-align:justify"><strong>What are the medical signs of Oligohydramnios?</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">A doctor may suspect oligohydramnios when:</span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The volume of amniotic fluid is less than 500ml during 32nd-36th weeks of pregnancy</span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">AFI is less than 5cm</span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Absence of the fluid pocket 2-3cm (in-depth)</span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2 style="text-align:justify"><strong>When can Oligohydramnios occur during pregnancy?</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Oligohydramnios can occur any time during pregnancy, however, it is most common during the last trimester. If the woman has passed her due date by 2 weeks or more than that, then her pregnancy is at high risk because the fluid decreases once the woman crosses 41 weeks of gestation. If your belly is not growing the way it should during pregnancy, then your doctor might ask you to undergo a scan. </span></p>

<h2 style="text-align:justify"><strong>What are the symptoms of low amniotic fluid during pregnancy?</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Here are some common signs and symptoms of low amniotic fluid levels:  </span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Fluctuations in blood pressure levels  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Constant leaking fluid from the vagina  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">You are unable to feel the movement of your baby  </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Both mother and the child are not gaining enough weight  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The growth of the baby elongates  </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2 style="text-align:justify"><strong>What are the causes of Oligohydramnios?</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Oligohydramnios or low amniotic fluid during pregnancy is caused by:  </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>1. Water breaking </strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">It happens when the amniotic sac tears off and the fluid flows out. It is natural if it happens around your due date but if it happens before and after your due date, then you must immediately seek medical help.   </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>2. Urinary problems</strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Issues with the development of the kidneys or the urinary tract can lead to lower levels of amniotic fluid, which causes lesser production of urine.   </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>3. Problems with the placenta </strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The baby may stop recycling the fluid when your placenta is unable to provide enough blood and nutrients to the baby.   </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>4. Post-date pregnancy </strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Amniotic fluid naturally decreases when the woman crosses her 42nd week of pregnancy.   </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>5. Use of certain medication </strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Your doctor might strongly recommend you to avoid medicines of high blood pressure or painkillers as they may lower your amniotic fluid.</span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>6. Maternal complications</strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Maternal complications like hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, chronic hypoxia, etc. can also affect the amniotic fluid levels.</span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>7. Identical twins </strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The issue of low amniotic fluid can also occur if you are carrying identical twins that share the placenta.   </span></p>

<h2 style="text-align:justify"><strong>How can Oligohydramnios be diagnosed?</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">With the help of the following methods, your Obstetrician and Gynecologist can detect oligohydramnios:  </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>1. Ultrasound scans</strong><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The fluid is measured in 4 various parts of the uterus and then is put together to evaluate AFI. The kidneys and the bladder of the baby are also assessed to check for any anomalies. Head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length are also assessed during an ultrasound scan.  </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>2. AFI (amniotic fluid index)</strong><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">It is measured through ultrasonography where a doctor can determine the volume of fluid in your uterus.   </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>3. Sterile Speculum Examination</strong><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">With the help of a speculum (device) a doctor can look inside the vagina and can observe the cervix.  </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong>4. Maximum vertical pocket </strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">With the help of ultrasound scan reports a doctor can check the volume of fluid in the thickest part of the uterus excluding the umbilical cord and fetal portion.   </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:16px">5. Blood tests </span></strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Maternal serum screening can help in the detection of low fluid. The doctor may also observe any congenital problems in your baby like Down&rsquo;s syndrome through a blood test.  </span></p>

<h3 style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:16px">6. Amniotic wrinkle </span></strong></h3>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">It is possible when you are carrying identical twins and doctors have to detect whether both the babies are getting enough amniotic fluid or not.   </span></p>

<h2 style="text-align:justify"><strong>What are the risk factors of Oligohydramnios?</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Some pregnant women are at a higher risk of Oligohydramnios than others and this includes women with:  </span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Diabetes  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Obesity  </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">High blood pressure during pregnancy  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Problems with placenta  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Lupus (an autoimmune disease)  </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2 style="text-align:justify"><strong>Treatment of Oligohydramnios</strong></h2>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">In mild conditions, the doctor will always advise you to drink plenty of fluids to keep your body hydrated. If Oligohydramnios is diagnosed in the last trimester of pregnancy, then your doctor might do the following treatment for the severe condition:  </span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Amnioinfusion  </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Vesico-amniotic shunt  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Bed rest  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Fluid injections  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Maternal hydration  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Termination of pregnancy </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>


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