Subchorionic Hematoma: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Subchorionic hematoma is a common complication of pregnancy, affecting approximately 1 in 5 pregnant women. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatments of subchorionic hematoma, as well as the risks associated with it and tips for managing it.

What is Subchorionic Hematoma?

A subchorionic hematoma is a collection of blood between the uterus and the chorionic membrane, which is the outermost layer of the placenta. It is often caused by a tear in the placenta, and can cause bleeding and pain during the pregnancy.

Causes of Subchorionic Hematoma

Let us understand some of the causes of subchorionic hematoma:

1. Tear in the placenta

A subchorionic hematoma is usually caused by a tear in the placenta, which can occur during the early stages of pregnancy or during labor and delivery.

2. Accident or injury

It is also caused by trauma or physical activity during the pregnancy, such as a fall or an automobile accident.

3. Infection

In some cases, a subchorionic hematoma may be caused by an infection in the uterus, such as a sexually transmitted infection or a bacterial infection. This type of infection is more common in women with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV or AIDS.

4. Other causes

Other causes of subchorionic hematoma include uterine fibroids, placental abruption, and maternal hypertension.

The exact cause of a subchorionic hematoma is often difficult to determine, as the tear in the placenta may be too small to be detected with imaging tests. In some cases, the cause may never be known.

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Symptoms of Subchorionic Hematoma

The most common symptom of a subchorionic hematoma is pain or cramping in the lower abdomen. This pain may be mild or severe, and can vary in intensity over time. Other symptoms of a subchorionic hematoma include bleeding, spotting, or vaginal discharge.

In some cases, the symptoms of a subchorionic hematoma may be mistaken for other conditions, such as an ectopic pregnancy or a miscarriage. It is important to see a doctor if you experience any of the symptoms of a subchorionic hematoma, as it can be a sign of a more serious condition.

1. Diagnosing a Subchorionic Hematoma

A subchorionic hematoma is usually diagnosed with an ultrasound. An ultrasound can detect the presence of a hematoma, as well as the size and location of the hematoma. In some cases, a doctor may also use other imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, to diagnose a subchorionic hematoma.

In addition to imaging tests, a doctor may also order blood tests to check for an infection or to measure levels of certain hormones. A doctor may also perform a physical exam to check for signs of a subchorionic hematoma, such as tenderness in the abdomen or pelvic area.

2. Treating a Subchorionic Hematoma

The treatment for a subchorionic hematoma depends on the size and location of the hematoma, as well as the severity of the symptoms. In most cases, a subchorionic hematoma will resolve on its own without any treatment.

If the hematoma is causing severe symptoms or if it is growing in size, a doctor may recommend a course of antibiotics or other medications to reduce the risk of infection. In some cases, a doctor may also recommend bed rest or activity modification to reduce the risk of further bleeding.

In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the hematoma or to repair the tear in the placenta. Surgery is usually only recommended if the hematoma is causing severe symptoms or if it is growing in size.

3. Risks Associated with Subchorionic Hematoma

Although a subchorionic hematoma is usually not a cause for concern, there are certain risks associated with it. These risks include the risk of preterm labor, miscarriage, and birth defects.

There is also a risk of infection associated with a subchorionic hematoma, as the blood can become infected if it is exposed to bacteria. This can lead to more serious complications, such as sepsis or a blood infection.

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Tips for Managing Subchorionic Hematoma

If you have been diagnosed with a subchorionic hematoma, there are several things you can do to manage it.

1. Follow your doctor’s recommendations

First, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for bed rest, activity modification, and medications.

2. Avoid any physical activities

It is also important to avoid any activities that could cause further trauma to the abdomen or pelvic area, such as contact sports or heavy lifting.

3. Consume a healthy diet

It is also important to eat a healthy diet rich in nutrients and vitamins that support healing. Also, try to get plenty of rest to help the hematoma heal.

If you are experiencing any symptoms of a subchorionic hematoma, such as pain or bleeding, it is important to seek medical attention right away.

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Complications of Subchorionic Hematoma

Although a subchorionic hematoma is usually not a cause for concern, there are certain complications that can occur if it is not managed properly. These complications include preterm labor, miscarriage, and infection.

If a subchorionic hematoma is not managed properly, it can lead to more serious complications, such as preterm birth or placental abruption. It can also lead to an increased risk of infection, which can be serious for both the mother and the baby.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It is important to seek medical attention if you are experiencing any symptoms of a subchorionic hematoma, such as pain or bleeding. It is also important to seek medical attention if the hematoma is growing in size or if it is causing severe symptoms.

It is also important to seek medical attention if you are experiencing any other signs of a possible complication, such as fever, chills, or dizziness.

Conclusion

If you have been diagnosed with a subchorionic hematoma, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for bed rest, activity modification, and medications. It is also important to eat a healthy diet and get plenty of rest to help the hematoma heal.

References

1. Şükür YE, Göç G, Köse O, Açmaz G, Özmen B, Atabekoğlu CS, Koç A, Söylemez F.(2014). The effects of subchorionic hematoma on pregnancy outcome in patients with threatened abortion.

2. Günay T, Yardımcı OD. (2021).How does subchorionic hematoma in the first trimester affect pregnancy outcomes? Arch Med Sci.

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